Bridging the social gap between Singaporeans and foreign
workers through proactive cultural awareness
According to Goldin (2009), rapid globalization has triggered
a multiplicity of global issues that seem to plague the world today. With growing
labor needs in developed countries, the demand for cheap and unskilled laborers
from less developed countries continues to rise (McKay, 2013). A cosmopolitan city like Singapore is one
such place that relies heavily on foreign workers to fill in the demand for
unskilled labor in the construction industry. However, the influx of foreign
workers appears to have caused problems for the local community. Media reports
on the unruliness of migrant workers and the lack of social integration seem to
resonate among Singaporeans and this has led to the growing animosity between
locals and foreign workers. Despite the government’s fruitless efforts to
encourage smooth integration, there is still much to be done to alleviate the tension
between the locals and foreign workers (Ng, 2010; Lim, 2013). For instance, the
state could proactively inculcate cultural awareness through the use of
education and mass media for both parties, narrowing the social divide.
The resentment between locals and foreign workers can largely
be attributed to the lack of cultural understanding between the two. Despite
the state actively promoting multiculturalism, this only extends to the local
community and fails to include the foreign workers at large (Aricat, 2013). In
fact, a large segment of the society shows little understanding of foreign
cultures, and tends to expect foreign workers to conform to local norms instead
of trying to foster mutual understanding. On the other hand, foreign workers,
who are mostly transient, are not motivated to acculturate to the host society as
they are mostly motivated by economic benefits. Furthermore, the tendency for local residents to portray a
superiority-complex as well as to dually treat foreign workers by “accepting
them economically and excluding them psychologically” has led to the
marginalized social status of migrant workers (Gu, Zheng & Yi,
2007, p.2). This lack of acceptance of foreign workers could in turn lead to
them rejecting the host society, exacerbating the social divide. One fine
example would be the riot involving migrant workers that broke out in Little India
due to the death of their peer (Lim, 2013). Many have speculated that the
underlying cause of the riot was recourse to the oppression and unfair
treatment faced by foreign workers. Nevertheless, the media sensationalized the
incident, which fueled widespread criticisms from Singaporeans, and intensified
the strained relationship between locals and foreign workers.
The Singapore government has employed various strategies to
counter the current divide by providing cultural education for foreign workers.
The Migrant Workers Centre (MWC) and NTUC LearningHub jointly conducts a
one-day course in the hope of empowering foreign workers with knowledge of
societal norms, which might enable these foreigners to better assimilate into
local society (Ng, 2010). However, not every migrant worker is entitled to the
one-day program as the hefty cost of the program ($82.50 per person) deters
employers from signing up (Ng, 2010). Furthermore, government efforts of social
integration have been mainly focused on the “functional type” of integration
and little effort has been placed on social and emotional needs (Saad, 2014). Thus, the government has to play a more
active role in enforcing more feasible means of social integration for the
foreign workers.
In order to create social cohesion among Singaporeans and
foreign workers, the state could provide extensive cultural education for both
Singaporeans and foreign workers. As mentioned earlier, it is not sufficient
for workers to be integrated in a functional manner. They should be taught the
norms of the local community more in-depth and such lessons should be available
at an affordable rate. Singaporeans, on the other hand, should be educated on
the various cultures of foreign workers and be taught to question individual
undesirable behavior objectively without condemning foreign workers as a whole.
One way in which the state could propagate cultural education to large masses
of Singaporeans is through the usage of mass media. Advertisements on media
portals such as television, radio and social media, which showcase the cultural
values of migrant communities in a creative manner, may enable Singaporeans to
learn more about the migrant communities. This may also aid in the debunking of
stereotypes attributed to foreign workers.
However, implementing such measures could lead to possible
backlash from both the migrant workers and Singaporeans. Despite the efforts to
culturally educate both groups, Singaporeans may still be unwilling to accept
the differences in cultures while the foreign workers, being transient,
may not be inclined to integrate with the society. Moreover, using mass media
to shed a positive view of foreign cultures may invite criticisms as Singaporeans
may misinterpret the state’s efforts as "pro-foreigner".
Despite the limitations of implementing such measures, doing
nothing on the other hand could prove to be catastrophic as it would be a
matter a time before the issue boils over. Hence, proactive cultural education
is an integral step that must be undertaken in order to bridge the social
divide.
References
Aricat, R. (2013). Indian migrant workers rioting in Singapore: Revisiting acculturation paradigms. Economic & Political Weekly.
Goldin, I. (2009). Navigating our global future. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ted.com/talks/ian_goldin_navigating_our_global_future?language=en
Gu, S., Zheng, L., & Yi, S. (2007). Problems of rural migrant workers and policies in the new period of urbanization. China Population, Resources and Enviornment, 17(1):1-5.
Lim, Y. L. (2013, December 10). Little India Riot: Police say situation did not call for use of service revolvers. The Straits Times. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/little-india-riot-20131210
McKay, S. L. (2013). Globalization, localization and language attitudes: The case of “foreign workers” in Singapore. Multilingual Education 2013 3:3
Ng, G. (2010, September 20). Helping foreign workers integrate. My Paper. Retrieved fromhttp://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20100920-238037.html
Saad, I. (2014, January 20). More can be done to address foreign workers’ social, emotional needs: NGOs. Channel News Asia. Retrieved fromhttp://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/more-can-be-done-to/959986.html
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